🎯 Predicted PYQs — Financial Markets & Capital Markets (Prelims 2026)
🎯 Predicted PYQs — Financial Markets & Capital Markets (Prelims 2026)
Which of the following are part of the "Capital Market" in India?
- Call Money Market
- Government Bond Market
- Stock Market
- Treasury Bill Market
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 4 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 2, 3 and 4 only
Which of the following are treated as "Alternative Investment Funds" under SEBI (AIF) Regulations, 2012?
- Venture Capital Funds
- Exchange Traded Funds
- Hedge Funds
- Real Estate Investment Trusts
Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2 and 4 only (d) 1, 3 and 4
Consider the following statements:
- Convertible bonds typically offer a lower interest rate compared to non-convertible bonds of the same issuer.
- A Zero Coupon Bond is issued at a premium over face value and redeemed at face value.
- Bond prices and bond yields move inversely to each other.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to the Securities Markets Code Bill, 2025, consider the following statements:
- It seeks to repeal and replace the SEBI Act, 1992, the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, and the Depositories Act, 1996.
- It proposes to increase the number of SEBI members from 9 to 11.
- It has already been passed by both houses of Parliament and received Presidential assent.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to "Masala Bonds", consider the following statements:
- They are rupee-denominated bonds issued in overseas markets.
- The currency risk in Masala Bonds lies with the Indian issuer.
- They are regulated by both the Reserve Bank of India and the Securities and Exchange Board of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 1 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
With reference to Zero Coupon Zero Principal (ZCZP) bonds in India, consider the following statements:
- They are issued by Non-Profit Organisations listed on the Social Stock Exchange.
- The investor receives no interest and no principal upon maturity.
- These bonds can be freely traded on the secondary market.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
Consider the following statements:
- A "Call Option" gives the buyer the right but not the obligation to buy an asset at a fixed price on a future date.
- A "Credit Default Swap" is a derivative where the protection buyer pays periodic premium to the protection seller who compensates if the underlying bond defaults.
- A "Put Option" gives the buyer the obligation to sell an asset at a fixed price.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 only
Consider the following pairs:
| Instrument | Market |
|---|---|
| 1. Collateralised Borrowing and Lending Obligations (CBLO) | Capital Market |
| 2. Commercial Paper | Money Market |
| 3. State Development Loans (SDL) | Capital Market |
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
In the context of securities markets, "front-running" refers to: (a) The simultaneous buying and selling of the same security in different markets to exploit price differences (b) A trading practice where a broker executes a trade based on advance information about an upcoming large transaction (c) The use of non-public material information about a company by its insiders to trade in its securities (d) The practice of short-selling a security without first borrowing it from a broker
With reference to "Catastrophe Bonds" (Cat Bonds), consider the following statements:
- They are issued by insurance companies to raise funds for paying claims.
- The investor receives regular interest, but loses the principal if a specified catastrophe occurs.
- They are an example of transferring insurance risk to the capital market.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
📝 ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS
Q1 | Money Market vs Capital Market (Classification) Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
- Call Money Market → money market (overnight lending)
- Government Bond Market → capital market (long-term debt) ✅
- Stock Market → capital market (equity) ✅
- Treasury Bill Market → money market (<1 year) Trap Used: Classification trap — mixing money market instruments with capital market
Q2 | Alternative Investment Funds (Current) Answer: (a) 1 and 3 only
- VC Funds → AIF Category I ✅
- ETFs → conventional investment fund (NOT AIF)
- Hedge Funds → AIF Category III ✅
- REITs → conventional investment fund (recently reclassified as equity instruments by SEBI) Trap Used: REITs and ETFs are commonly confused with AIFs
Q3 | Bond Concepts (Application-Based) Answer: (a) 1 and 3 only
- Statement 1: ✅ Convertible bonds → equity conversion option has value → investors accept lower coupon.
- Statement 2: ❌ Zero Coupon Bonds are issued at deep discount (not premium) and redeemed at face value.
- Statement 3: ✅ Higher demand → higher price → lower yield. Inverse relationship. Trap Used: Reversal trap — "premium" swapped for "discount"
Q4 | Securities Markets Code Bill 2025 (Current) Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
- Statement 1: ✅ Repeals three acts.
- Statement 2: ✅ 9 → 11 members.
- Statement 3: ❌ Not yet passed — still a Bill. Trap Used: Status trap — Bill vs Act confusion
Q5 | Masala Bonds (Repeated Theme) Answer: (a) 1 and 3 only
- Statement 1: ✅ Rupee-denominated, issued in foreign markets.
- Statement 2: ❌ Currency risk lies with the foreign investor (not Indian issuer). If rupee depreciates, the foreign investor receives less in their home currency.
- Statement 3: ✅ Regulated by RBI (under ECB framework) and SEBI. Trap Used: Currency risk reversal — who bears the risk?
Q6 | Social Stock Exchange (Current) Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
- Statement 1: ✅ Issued by NPOs listed on SSE.
- Statement 2: ✅ No interest, no principal — effectively a donation.
- Statement 3: ❌ Trading is NOT permissible in ZCZP bonds. They can only be transferred to legal heirs. Trap Used: Tradability assumption — most bonds are tradable but ZCZP is an exception
Q7 | Derivatives (Conceptual) Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
- Statement 1: ✅ Call option = right to BUY.
- Statement 2: ✅ CDS is essentially credit risk insurance.
- Statement 3: ❌ Put option gives the right (NOT obligation) to sell. Only the seller of an option is obligated. Trap Used: "Right" changed to "obligation" — subtle word swap
Q8 | CBLO (Repeated Theme from 2024) Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
- Pair 1: ❌ CBLO is a money market instrument (short-term borrowing).
- Pair 2: ✅ Commercial Paper = money market.
- Pair 3: ✅ SDL = long-term dated securities = capital market. Trap Used: CBLO was directly tested in 2024 — UPSC may repeat with different framing
Q9 | Front-Running vs Insider Trading (Definition) Answer: (b)
- Front-running = broker trades AHEAD of a known upcoming large order to profit from expected price movement.
- (a) = Arbitrage. (c) = Insider Trading. (d) = Naked Short Selling. Trap Used: Definition confusion — arbitrage, front-running, insider trading are commonly mixed up
Q10 | Catastrophe Bonds (Current Affairs) Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
- All three are correct. Cat Bonds transfer catastrophe risk from insurance companies to capital market investors who are compensated with high interest returns. Trap Used: "All correct" option — UPSC sometimes makes all statements correct to test confidence.