🎯 Predicted PYQs — Financial Markets & Capital Markets (Prelims 2026)


Q1 | Money Market vs Capital Market (Classification)

Which of the following are part of the "Capital Market" in India?

  1. Call Money Market
  2. Government Bond Market
  3. Stock Market
  4. Treasury Bill Market

Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 4 only      (b) 2 and 3 only      (c) 1, 2 and 3 only      (d) 2, 3 and 4 only


Q2 | Alternative Investment Funds (Current)

Which of the following are treated as "Alternative Investment Funds" under SEBI (AIF) Regulations, 2012?

  1. Venture Capital Funds
  2. Exchange Traded Funds
  3. Hedge Funds
  4. Real Estate Investment Trusts

Select the correct answer using the code given below: (a) 1 and 3 only      (b) 1, 2 and 3      (c) 2 and 4 only      (d) 1, 3 and 4


Q3 | Bond Concepts (Application-Based)

Consider the following statements:

  1. Convertible bonds typically offer a lower interest rate compared to non-convertible bonds of the same issuer.
  2. A Zero Coupon Bond is issued at a premium over face value and redeemed at face value.
  3. Bond prices and bond yields move inversely to each other.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only      (b) 2 and 3 only      (c) 3 only      (d) 1, 2 and 3


Q4 | Securities Markets Code Bill 2025 (Current)

With reference to the Securities Markets Code Bill, 2025, consider the following statements:

  1. It seeks to repeal and replace the SEBI Act, 1992, the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, and the Depositories Act, 1996.
  2. It proposes to increase the number of SEBI members from 9 to 11.
  3. It has already been passed by both houses of Parliament and received Presidential assent.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only      (b) 1 only      (c) 2 and 3 only      (d) 1, 2 and 3


Q5 | Masala Bonds (Repeated Theme)

With reference to "Masala Bonds", consider the following statements:

  1. They are rupee-denominated bonds issued in overseas markets.
  2. The currency risk in Masala Bonds lies with the Indian issuer.
  3. They are regulated by both the Reserve Bank of India and the Securities and Exchange Board of India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only      (b) 1 only      (c) 2 and 3 only      (d) 1, 2 and 3


Q6 | Social Stock Exchange (Current)

With reference to Zero Coupon Zero Principal (ZCZP) bonds in India, consider the following statements:

  1. They are issued by Non-Profit Organisations listed on the Social Stock Exchange.
  2. The investor receives no interest and no principal upon maturity.
  3. These bonds can be freely traded on the secondary market.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only      (b) 2 and 3 only      (c) 1 only      (d) 1, 2 and 3


Q7 | Derivatives (Conceptual)

Consider the following statements:

  1. A "Call Option" gives the buyer the right but not the obligation to buy an asset at a fixed price on a future date.
  2. A "Credit Default Swap" is a derivative where the protection buyer pays periodic premium to the protection seller who compensates if the underlying bond defaults.
  3. A "Put Option" gives the buyer the obligation to sell an asset at a fixed price.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only      (b) 1, 2 and 3      (c) 2 and 3 only      (d) 1 only


Q8 | CBLO (Repeated Theme from 2024)

Consider the following pairs:

InstrumentMarket
1. Collateralised Borrowing and Lending Obligations (CBLO)Capital Market
2. Commercial PaperMoney Market
3. State Development Loans (SDL)Capital Market

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? (a) 1 and 2 only      (b) 2 and 3 only      (c) 1 and 3 only      (d) 1, 2 and 3


Q9 | Front-Running vs Insider Trading (Definition)

In the context of securities markets, "front-running" refers to: (a) The simultaneous buying and selling of the same security in different markets to exploit price differences (b) A trading practice where a broker executes a trade based on advance information about an upcoming large transaction (c) The use of non-public material information about a company by its insiders to trade in its securities (d) The practice of short-selling a security without first borrowing it from a broker


Q10 | Catastrophe Bonds (Current Affairs)

With reference to "Catastrophe Bonds" (Cat Bonds), consider the following statements:

  1. They are issued by insurance companies to raise funds for paying claims.
  2. The investor receives regular interest, but loses the principal if a specified catastrophe occurs.
  3. They are an example of transferring insurance risk to the capital market.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only      (b) 2 and 3 only      (c) 1 only      (d) 1, 2 and 3






📝 ANSWERS & EXPLANATIONS

Q1 | Money Market vs Capital Market (Classification) Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only

  • Call Money Market → money market (overnight lending)
  • Government Bond Market → capital market (long-term debt) ✅
  • Stock Market → capital market (equity) ✅
  • Treasury Bill Market → money market (<1 year) Trap Used: Classification trap — mixing money market instruments with capital market

Q2 | Alternative Investment Funds (Current) Answer: (a) 1 and 3 only

  • VC Funds → AIF Category I ✅
  • ETFs → conventional investment fund (NOT AIF)
  • Hedge Funds → AIF Category III ✅
  • REITs → conventional investment fund (recently reclassified as equity instruments by SEBI) Trap Used: REITs and ETFs are commonly confused with AIFs

Q3 | Bond Concepts (Application-Based) Answer: (a) 1 and 3 only

  • Statement 1: ✅ Convertible bonds → equity conversion option has value → investors accept lower coupon.
  • Statement 2: ❌ Zero Coupon Bonds are issued at deep discount (not premium) and redeemed at face value.
  • Statement 3: ✅ Higher demand → higher price → lower yield. Inverse relationship. Trap Used: Reversal trap — "premium" swapped for "discount"

Q4 | Securities Markets Code Bill 2025 (Current) Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

  • Statement 1: ✅ Repeals three acts.
  • Statement 2: ✅ 9 → 11 members.
  • Statement 3: ❌ Not yet passed — still a Bill. Trap Used: Status trap — Bill vs Act confusion

Q5 | Masala Bonds (Repeated Theme) Answer: (a) 1 and 3 only

  • Statement 1: ✅ Rupee-denominated, issued in foreign markets.
  • Statement 2: ❌ Currency risk lies with the foreign investor (not Indian issuer). If rupee depreciates, the foreign investor receives less in their home currency.
  • Statement 3: ✅ Regulated by RBI (under ECB framework) and SEBI. Trap Used: Currency risk reversal — who bears the risk?

Q6 | Social Stock Exchange (Current) Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

  • Statement 1: ✅ Issued by NPOs listed on SSE.
  • Statement 2: ✅ No interest, no principal — effectively a donation.
  • Statement 3: ❌ Trading is NOT permissible in ZCZP bonds. They can only be transferred to legal heirs. Trap Used: Tradability assumption — most bonds are tradable but ZCZP is an exception

Q7 | Derivatives (Conceptual) Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only

  • Statement 1: ✅ Call option = right to BUY.
  • Statement 2: ✅ CDS is essentially credit risk insurance.
  • Statement 3: ❌ Put option gives the right (NOT obligation) to sell. Only the seller of an option is obligated. Trap Used: "Right" changed to "obligation" — subtle word swap

Q8 | CBLO (Repeated Theme from 2024) Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only

  • Pair 1: ❌ CBLO is a money market instrument (short-term borrowing).
  • Pair 2: ✅ Commercial Paper = money market.
  • Pair 3: ✅ SDL = long-term dated securities = capital market. Trap Used: CBLO was directly tested in 2024 — UPSC may repeat with different framing

Q9 | Front-Running vs Insider Trading (Definition) Answer: (b)

  • Front-running = broker trades AHEAD of a known upcoming large order to profit from expected price movement.
  • (a) = Arbitrage. (c) = Insider Trading. (d) = Naked Short Selling. Trap Used: Definition confusion — arbitrage, front-running, insider trading are commonly mixed up

Q10 | Catastrophe Bonds (Current Affairs) Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3

  • All three are correct. Cat Bonds transfer catastrophe risk from insurance companies to capital market investors who are compensated with high interest returns. Trap Used: "All correct" option — UPSC sometimes makes all statements correct to test confidence.
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